Casuarina equisetifolia contained carbohydrates, alkaloids, proteins, glycosides, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, gum, reducing sugars and triterpenoids. It exerted many pharmacological activities including antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, cytotoxic, hypolipidemic, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective and many other pharmacological effects. This paper will highlight the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of Casuarina equisetifolia