Ayurveda offers vast scope for the successful treatment of urolithiasis. Although most remedies were herbal and proved useful, a systematic scientific evaluation has been reported for only few remedies. Cucumis sativus is claimed to be useful in the treatment of urinary stones in ayurvedic literature. Hence a systematic study was planned and conducted to see the influence of the extract of the fruits of Cucumis sativus when used as preventive and curative regimens for treatment in urolithiasis induced by administration of ethylene glycol in albino rats. Various biochemical estimations in serum ,urine , kidney homogenates and histological examination of the kidneys showed that the test extract has beneficial action in urolithiasis when given in Preventive and curative regimens. However if the active constituents can be further isolated and concentrated and then their pharmacological evaluation is done, a product with greater efficacy becomes possible.